OI and IR are genetic diversity metrics intended to inform breeding decisions at the population level. They do not diagnose disease, predict individual health outcomes, or substitute for breed-required health testing or veterinary guidance. Conformation, temperament, longevity, and health history all belong in this decision.

Amos, W. et al. (2001). The influence of parental relatedness on reproductive success. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 268, 2021–2027. [IR formula]  ·  Wang, J. (2002). An estimator for pairwise relatedness using molecular markers. Genetics, 160, 1203–1215. [GR formula]  ·  Pedersen, N.C. et al. (2015). The effect of genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding on the incidence of two major autoimmune diseases in standard poodles. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 2, 14.

Jade is a fun, super sweet girl who loves to work for food and praise. She is enthusiastic about training in rally obedience and agility and garners just the right amount of energy and focus for both. She also knows how to slow down and cuddle and is content to curl up for hours with her family. She is a little social butterfly and loves meeting new people and other dogs.

Create a free account to contact this dog's owner.

Already have an account? Log in