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Biewers go by many names: such as Biewer Terriers, Biewer yorkshire terriers, or just Biewers. They originated from a yorkshire kennel in Germany in the 1980s. They appeared to be produced between two parents, with a lot of influence from an imported UK stud named Streamglen Richard. It is believed the tri colored patterning evolved from a potential spontaneous mutation, latent mutation, or outbreeding to another breed; Werner and Gertrud Biewer claimed that the latter was not the case. The biewer kennel continued to breed for the type they liked for 5 years before bringing in new genetics. Their dogs were highly sought after. In the 2000s, breeders in America and Germany continued to breed into German yorkshire terriers as was the practice of the Biewer kennel. This practice was ended in 2007. Biewer terriers are currently accepted as a new breed in AKC that may register as a FSS (foundation stock service) and are considered a breed in development.

Breed Standard coming soon!'

The adjusted IR curve for Biewers finds them to be highly inbred, close to that of a litter of full siblings’ breeding, like many breeds, when compared to village dogs.

UC Davis tested Biewers from different backgrounds to see if they were genetically different from one another. While there was variation in the breed, they were found to be one breed. Based on values for all currently tested 104 Biewers, the mean number of alleles found at each locus is 6.39, which is similar to many pure breeds. The number of the alleles (Ne) that contribute the most to overall heterozygosity is 3.35, which is also in line with a number of pure breeds. This indicates a need to redistribute the alleles and the presence of a breedwide bottleneck, likely due to the Founder Effect.

The adjusted IR curve for Biewers finds them to be highly inbred, close to that of a litter of full siblings’ breeding, like many breeds, when compared to village dogs.

16 different STR-associated DLA Class I and 13 DLA Class II haplotypes among the 104 Biewer dogs tested. This is a small range compared to some breeds but greater than others. The comparatively low number of DLA class I and II haplotypes in the Biewer dogs tested is an indication that the breed has evolved from a relatively small founder population, or that many of the original founders have been lost from the population over time.

The follow includes dogs with birthdates listed in the database.

DLA Haplotypes in the Breed

The Dog Leukocyte Antigen or DLA is the region in the canine genome that controls the immune system, among other things. There are three classes or areas, and the VGL Canine Diversity Test genotypes or records the two regions with the most variation. Because it is an area that mutates more rapidly than others, the method VGL uses is ideal for identifying specific combinations of DNA, and not merely showing whether a dog inherited two of the same sets of genetics from its parents or two different ones.

"Haplotype" is a generic name for a set of genes that are bound together and inherited as a set. The DLA Class I and Class II haplotypes are very tightly bound and represent about 2 million base pairs of DNA - a sizeable chunk. These two haplotypes together make an extended haplotype that is nearly always passed from parent to puppies as a pair. We therefore have two tables below showing both the combinations of DLA found in this breed and how often they appear, and also how often they appear individually.

Remember that frequency percentages do not show how many dogs carry them, but rather how many of these haplotypes exist in the breed as a whole. Every dog has two sets of DLA haplotypes, one inherited from dam, and one inherited from sire. These almost never recombine in new generations.

DLA Class I/Class II Combinations :

DLA Frequencies :

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