OI and IR are genetic diversity metrics intended to inform breeding decisions at the population level. They do not diagnose disease, predict individual health outcomes, or substitute for breed-required health testing or veterinary guidance. Conformation, temperament, longevity, and health history all belong in this decision.

Amos, W. et al. (2001). The influence of parental relatedness on reproductive success. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 268, 2021–2027. [IR formula]  ·  Wang, J. (2002). An estimator for pairwise relatedness using molecular markers. Genetics, 160, 1203–1215. [GR formula]  ·  Pedersen, N.C. et al. (2015). The effect of genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding on the incidence of two major autoimmune diseases in standard poodles. Canine Genetics and Epidemiology, 2, 14.

Fun girl with correct athletic structure and balanced versatile working drives. Friendly with all sorts of animals like cats, chickens, sheep, other dogs and horses. Extremely intelligent, confident and Responsive in obedience. Shows great promise in working livestock with willingness to work and engage with handler anytime day or night yet has a nice “off switch” to calm nicely at the end of the day to show off her excellent kennel and house manners or can even shift gears and preform tasks for

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